Private Line Automatic Ringdown

Problem
You have a remote facility connected over a T1 to your headquarters. You want to add a telephone between the remote facility and your headquarters. A separate line to the remote facility from the phone company is expensive or you don't have open extensions available on your PBX. In any case the line is for internal purposes and does not require PSN access. A FXS to FXS Private Line Automatic Ringdown telephone connection will meet your requirements.

Solution
Coastcom's 2-Wire FXS can provide direct hook-up in a point-to-point network between two standard DTMF telephones (push button), rotary phones, or handsets (non-dialing phones).

How Does It Work?
A telephone connects directly to the FXS channel card at both ends. The FXS cards are nailed up (always connected to each other). This is equivalent to the old two cans and a string telephone analogy with the added benefit of long distance.

Figure v12. FXS PLAR

What Actually Occurs?
Jerome is working with Ahmad on a maintenance issue in their inventory control system. Joe is located at the remote maintenance facility. To keep in contact they are using the PLAR connection. It is sometimes called a maintenance or service telephone. PLAR uses two telephones. Typically, where a phone is connected directly to a FXS card, loop start signaling is used.

Jerome needs to speak to Ahmad. He picks up the phone (off-hook). The near end FXS card (Jerome's end) senses the off-hook and the phone closes the loop. The loop closure causes ringing to be applied to the far end FXS card (Ahmad's end). Because these phones are not connected to a PSN Jerome does not hear a dial tone. However, a tone generator on the FXS card at the far end will send a ring backring back to Jerome.

Ahmad's phone will ring until he picks up. Jerome does not need to dial because the circuit is nailed up.

When Ahmad picks up the phone the ringing stops and Jerome and Ahmad can conduct their business. After the conversation is complete, the call is disconnected when both Jerome and Ahmad hang up (on-hook).

If Ahmad initiated the call the exact same call sequence would occur.

How Do You Set It Up?
Both the FXS channel cards are set up in PLAR mode with loop start signaling. This is a point-to-point application. In other words you cannot use this as a party line or send it through a network with digital cross-connects. Both ends need to connect to a standard DTMF telephone, MF telephone, or handset.

What Do You Order?
For each telephone connection you will need one FXS circuit. The FXS channel cards come with either two circuits per channel card called a Dual, or four circuits per channel card called a Quad. So you'll need to order one circuit, at each end, for every telephone connection. You will also require a D/I Mux III and a ringing generator at each end. Coastcom's Smart Omni-orderwire can also be used in a PLAR configuration.

Private Telephone Network Expansion

Problem
Your medical facility has expanded and you are opening a new records department across town. Presently you are using a PBX which ties to the local CO with 4-Wire E&M trunks. You do not want your patients impacted by the move with new phone numbers or with being uncertain which facility to call.

Solution
Coastcom's Dual 4-Wire E&M channel cards transport the CO trunks and also allows the main hospital to communicate with the new facility. The CO does not see a change in the network so telephone service charges remain the same.

How Does It Work?
The remote PBX is connected to the CO effectively in the same manner as the near end PBX. The 4-Wire E&M cards in PLR mode emulate a PBX to the CO. The 4-Wire E&M cards in E&M mode at the remote PBX emulate the CO.

Figure v13. Expanded Network Connections

What Actually Occurs?
Barry is the telecommunications administrator for a medical facility which includes a main hospital, clinics, and records offices placed in various locations throughout the area. His telecommunications needs are critical and complicated. He must maintain a single number for public access. Once again he is faced with adding another facility across town.

D/I Mux IIIs transport the 4-Wire E&M circuits over a dedicated T1 line. The T1 line is either leased from a telecommunications carrier or a private link (microwave radio, fiber optic, etc.) is established between the two facilities. The 4-Wire channel cards in PLR mode appear to the CO to be PBX trunks. The 4-Wire channel cards in E&M mode create trunks between the two PBXs. The Coastcom E&M channel cards support Types I, II, III, and V signaling.

An outside caller dials the number to the hospital in order to speak to the records department. The call comes directly into the records department at the new facility through the new PLR link. Calls to the main hospital are handled by the receptionist/operator as before. If a nurse needs to communicate with someone in the records department then the receptionist/operator directs the call to the D/I Mux III 4-Wire E&M trunks, which ring the records department at the new facility.

How Do You Set It Up?
The Dual 4-Wire E&M channel cards for the records department are placed in PLR mode. The Dual 4-Wire E&M channel cards for linking the main hospital to the records department are placed in E&M mode. Any version of Coastcom 4-Wire E&M will support this application.

What Do You Order?
For each records department outside line a 4-Wire circuit is required at the main hospital and new facility. For each trunk between the records department and the main hospital a 4-Wire circuit is required at the main hospital and the records department. The Dual 4-Wire E&M channel cards each have two circuits which can be designated as E&M or PLR. Coastcom has four versions of its 4-Wire E&M channel card; all versions support this application. You will also require two D/I Mux IIIs.

Push To Talk

Problem
You need a method of quickly contacting crews at several remote locations. Perhaps you have oil rigs scattered in an area off shore or multiple test sites. You have T1 going out over microwave. Some of the T1 is allocated for telephone lines, some is used for data transfer and alarms. You have open, unused circuits (DS0s) and want to add a radio channel to each of the rigs.

Solution
With a 4-Wire E&M channel card a radio link can be accessed to communicate with your crews over a push to talk circuit.

How Does It Work?
The system works like the old hand held walkie-talkie sets; the set is always on to receive radio waves except when it is transmitting.

Figure v14. Push to Talk Radio Control

What Actually Occurs?
An oil company has placed several off-shore oil rigs along the coast. Grover is the telecom manager and he has been requested to add an emergency telephone/intercom that can be used by the dispatcher, the crews on the oil rigs, and by the pilots in helicopters who occasionally sweep the area. Grover currently has a T1 over microwave out to oil rigs 1, 2, and 3.

His dispatcher Oscar needs to broadcast a weather report to all rigs and to Ernie the helicopter pilot. He presses the push to talk switch which transmits on a radio channel to all recipients on that frequency. The receive unit speakers broadcast the message like an intercom. He can then issue his report to every crew simultaneously.

Ernie sees something that he needs to report back to Oscar. Ernie has a radio hand set. He can speak directly to Oscar using the same push to talk circuitry.

How Do You Set It Up?
All Coastcom 4-Wire E&M Channel Cards can accomplish this application. At the radio end use E&M signaling type II. The radio is keyed by a contact closure between the E lead and SG lead. At the radio dispatcher end use PLR signaling type II. The radio is then keyed through the D/I Mux III systems by a contact closure between the M lead and the SB lead at the dispatcher site.

If the push to talk circuit can be ground referenced, use E&M type V signaling on both ends and do not connect to the SB or SG leads. Instead, use only the E&M leads and the return paths will be through system ground.

What Do You Order?
A 4-Wire PLR circuit is required at the dispatcher site and a 4-Wire E&M circuit is required at the radio site. The Dual 4-Wire E&M channel cards each have two circuits which can be designated as E&M or PLR. Coastcom has four versions of its 4-Wire E&M channel card; all versions support this application. You will also require two D/I Mux IIIs.

4-Wire E&M to 2-Wire FXO Conversion

Problem
Perhaps you have a facility over the border or at a remote mountain location. You're receiving 2-Wire POTS lines from your local EO. You have a need to extend the lines over T1 and eventually feed them into your private network over microwave to a remote location where PSN access is limited or non-existent. The microwave radio requires an E&M interface.

Solution
Coastcom offers several solutions for this network problem. Using different combinations of Coastcom equipment almost any existing network can be accommodated.

How Does It Work?
The combination of FXO and/or 4-Wire E&M channel cards work like a relay team between the PSN and the far end of the microwave link. The microwave can only put out a 4-Wire E&M circuit and the PSN/CO can only give a 2-Wire POTS line. The FXO and 4-Wire E&M channel cards transfer the messages back and forth between the different sections of the network.

Figure v15. Configuration for E&M to FXO Conversion

What Actually Occurs?
A private geological research foundation has a research facility located in a remote area of the Rocky Mountains. An established private microwave link provides them with telephone and data access between the facility and a central processing center in Denver. However, the facility does not have the capability of calling to the outside world. The foundation has just received a grant to add on personnel for a year round study. As well as adding accommodations for year round housing they also need to add public telephone access. The Rocky Mountain facility is too remote for a direct connection from the telco.

The current microwave link only supports 4-Wire E&M circuits. Maraca, the facilities manager in Denver, has decided to use Coastcom's 4-Wire E&M channel cards to accept the microwave circuits. She can then take them over a private T1 to a second D/I Mux III equipped with Coastcom's FXO channel cards. A special mode in the FXO allows it to convert the E&M signaling and talk to the CO at the same time. Both ground start and loop start are supported.

Dawn, a researcher in the Rocky Mountain facility needs to call a data library in New York. She picks up the phone to dial out. The PBX routes the call through the microwave link where it is passed to a 4-Wire E&M channel card in the D/I Mux III. The D/I Mux III relays it over a T1 to another D/I Mux III where it is passed to an FXO. The FXO card signals the CO. The CO seizes the line and Dawn's call is routed through the PSN to New York.

How Do You Set It Up?
There are many different ways to set-up this application. The method used is dependent on several factors: the requirements of the microwave hookup, the requirements of the CO and the disbursement of existing Coastcom equipment. Five options are outlined below:

• Option One

  • Coastcom is providing the D/I Mux III and 4-Wire E&M channel cards for the microwave link end only. Existing equipment is handling the FXO. The microwave radio requires PLR signaling, type I or II.

    For this situation Coastcom cannot control the FXO end but it can control the 4-Wire end. The 4-Wire E&M channel card handles the conversion from the FXO to the microwave. Both Coastcom's 33245-113 or 33245-123 4-Wire channel cards can handle this application in Loop Start Tandem mode.

• Option Two

  • Coastcom is providing the D/I Mux III and 4-Wire E&M channel cards for the microwave link end only. Existing equipment is handling the FXO. The microwave requires E&M signaling, type I, II, III, or V.

    For this situation Coastcom cannot control the FXO end but it can control the 4-Wire end. The 4-Wire E&M channel card handles the conversion from the FXO to the microwave. All of Coastcom's 4-Wire E&M cards can handle this option.

• Option Three

  • Coastcom is providing the D/I Mux III and FXO channel cards for the CO end only. Existing equipment is handling the E&M signaling type linked to the microwave. The microwave can be set for E&M type I, II, III, or V. The CO requires loop start.

    For this situation Coastcom cannot control the E&M end, but it can control the FXO end. The FXO channel card handles the conversion from the CO to the E&M. Set the FXO up in Loop Start E&M Conversion mode.

• Option Four

  • Coastcom is providing the D/I Mux III and FXO channel cards for the CO end only. Existing equipment is handling the E&M signaling type linked to the microwave. The microwave can be set for E&M type I, II, III, or V. The CO requires ground start.

    For this situation Coastcom cannot control the E&M end, but it can control the FXO end. The FXO channel card handles the conversion from the CO to the E&M. Set the FXO up in Ground Start E&M Conversion mode.

• Option Five

  • Coastcom is providing both the FXO and E&M channel cards for both ends. The microwave requires that the E lead is active when the FXO detects ring and stays active during the call.

    For this situation Coastcom controls both ends. The FXO channel card handles the conversion. Set the E&M signaling type as either Type I, II, III, or V per the microwave. Set the FXO up in either Loop Start E&M Conversion mode or Ground Start E&M Conversion mode dependent on the CO.

What Do You Order?
Both the 2-Wire FXO channel card and the 4-Wire E&M channel cards come in a dual circuit configuration. So you will need one channel card of each type for every two circuit connections to the CO. You will also need D/I Mux III channel banks. The various options are listed below:

• Option One

  • Option one requires one 4-Wire E&M channel card for every two circuit connections. Only the 33245-113 or 33245-123 E&M cards support this option. You will also need a D/I Mux III.

• Option Two

  • Option two requires one 4-Wire E&M channel card for every two circuit connections. All of the E&M cards support this option. You will also need a D/I Mux III.

• Option Three

  • Option three requires one 2-Wire FXO channel card for every two circuit connections. You will also need a D/I Mux III.

• Option Four

  • Option four requires one 2-Wire FXO channel card for every two circuit connections. You will also need a D/I Mux III.

• Option Five

  • Option five requires one 2-Wire FXO channel card and one 4-Wire E&M channel card for every two circuit connections. You will also need two D/I Mux IIIs.

4-Wire Trunk To Telephone

Problem
You need a telephone extension at a remote site but your PBX has an E&M interface. Perhaps you have two analog PBXs with E&M interfaces connected over a T1 transmission circuit, between your corporate offices and main distribution warehouse. The PBX at the warehouse is already filled to capacity while the one at corporate is larger and has open circuits. You need to add an additional circuit at the warehouse for the maintenance crew.

Solution
Coastcom's Dual 2-Wire FXS in Megacom mode can communicate directly with 4-Wire E&M channel cards on the other side of the T1 transmission span.

How Does It Work?
The signaling and audio levels from the 4-Wire E&M channel card are interpreted by the Dual 2-Wire FXS in Megacom mode to operate like a standard telephone. The phone at the remote site is connected through the PBX at the main site.

Figure v16. 4-Wire Trunk to 2-Wire Telephone Conversion

What Actually Occurs?
Leonard, the maintenance foreman has requested an additional phone circuit in his office. The PBX at the warehouse is already filled to capacity. Joann manages the telecommunications network and has existing Coastcom equipment in place. Using Coastcom's FXS card in Megacom mode Joann, can connect the phone at the remote facility to the PBX at corporate.

Leonard originates a call. The receiver goes off-hook and creates a loop to the FXS/Megacom channel card. When the FXS/Megacom detects a loop, it sends an off-hook signal down the T1 transmission path by transmitting a 1 on the A bit of that DS0 channel.

The distant 4-Wire E&M circuit detects the off-hook and grounds its E lead to the PBX. The PBX then generates dial tone to let the call originator know that it is ready to receive dialing or push-button signaling.

The telephone at the FXS/Megacom then dials through to the PBX and the PBX sends ring back and makes the connection. When Leonard hangs up (on-hook) the loop to the FXS/Megacom channel card is broken. The A bit from the FXS/Megacom is then set to 0. The 4-Wire E&M then opens the E lead to the PBX and the PBX disconnects the call.

When Joann calls Leonard, the PBX places battery on the M lead and the 4-Wire E&M detects it and transmits a 1 on its A bit. The FXS/Megacom channel card detects the 1 on its A bit and sends ringing to the telephone. When Leonard picks up a loop is created. The FXS/Megacom then relays to the PBX that the call has begun.

How Do You Set It Up?
The 4-Wire E&M channel cards are set-up in any standard E&M mode (types I, II, III, or V). The FXS channel card is placed in 2-Way Megacom mode.

What Do You Order?
For each telephone connection you will need one FXS and one 4-Wire E&M circuit. The FXS channel cards come with either two circuits per channel card called a Dual or four circuits per channel card called a Quad. Coastcom has four versions of its 4-Wire E&M channel card; all versions support this application. So you'll need to order one circuit, at each end, for every telephone connection. You will also require two D/I Mux IIIs and a ringing generator at the FXS end.

Digital Broadcasting

Problem
Your radio station sponsors musical events throughout the city and helps promote several artists and concerts. You often bring artists into the broadcast studio for live interviews and music. The Chet Baker Memorial Big Band would like to come into the studio to promote its album and their Saturday concert. You want to help, but the broadcast studio is too small for a big band. Your friends at the Golden Pelican recording studio have a facility which is large enough to accommodate the Chet Baker Memorial Big Band.

Solution
Coastcom's Digital Program Channels (DPCs) allow high fidelity audio to be transported over T1 transmission lines.

How Does It Work?
The broadcast from the Golden Pelican studio is transported at the speed of light to the radio studio and re-broadcast over the radio station transmitter.

Figure v17. Digital Program Channel Application

What Actually Occurs?
Microphones at the Golden Pelican studio capture the sounds of the performance and the sound engineer creates a stereo output on the mixer, sound control console. Each side of the stereo mix is sent to a transmit Digital Program Channel where the audio signals are converted into digital and transported on the T1 transmission line. At the radio studio the digital signal received from the T1 transmission is converted back into an audio signal. The outputs are then run into an input of the broadcast radio.

How Do You Set It Up?
Two transmit DPCs are installed at the Golden Pelican studio and two receive DPCs are installed at the radio studio. The DPC can be set-up to transmit at either 8 KHz or 15 KHz. The higher frequency will have a better sound. At 8 KHz the DPCs each use 4 DS0s. At 15 KHz the DPCs each use 6 DS0s. Both the Transmit DPCs and the Receive DPCs use 3 physical slots.

What Do You Order?
In order to have a stereo broadcast two transmit DPCs are installed at the Golden Pelican studio and two receive DPCs are installed at the radio studio. You will also require a D/I Mux III at each site. If a mono broadcast is required one of each DPC is sufficient.

ADPCM2 Channel Cards

Problem
Your system has reached its limit but your boss is requesting more telephone trunks for the growth the company is experiencing. You have a leased T1 line between two of your major facilities and you are considering leasing another.

Solution
Coastcom's ADPCM2 channel cards allow more 4-Wire E&M trunks to be added without increasing the T1 transmission cost.

How Does It Work?
The 4-Wire ADPCM2 channel cards allow twice as many circuits to pass over the same T1 transmission path. The information in the circuits is combined in a more compact package which allows two circuits to occupy a T1 channel which had carried only one circuit. The 4-Wire ADPCM2 channel cards combine the signals when transmitting and stretch out the signals to their original form when receiving.

Figure v18. 4-Wire ADPCM Application

What Actually Occurs?
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) does not require as much digital bandwidth as Pulse Code ModulationPulse Code Modulation (PCM). PCM takes an instantaneous sample of the analog level and requires 8 bits of bandwidth per sample. ADPCM measures the direction and difference of the analog level from the previous sample and requires 4 bits of bandwidth.

Each ADPCM channel card has two 32 Kbps E&M circuits, whereas a standard E&M would require 64 Kbps. Coastcom's ADPCM supports E&M signaling types I, II, III, or V and PLR types I or II. An ADPCM can be used to replace any point-to-point E&M application and will give you twice as many circuits using the same bandwidth.

How Do You Set It Up?
4-Wire ADPCM channel cards are required at both ends of the network. The signaling type is dependent on the customer's equipment. E&M types I, II, III, or V, and PLR types I or II are supported.

What Do You Order?
Each 4-Wire ADPCM channel card carries two 32 Kbps 4-Wire E&M circuits. ADPCM channel cards are required at both ends. You will also require two D/I Mux IIIs.

Smart Omni-Orderwire Station

Problem
Your network requirements are constantly changing and you have several communication rooms at various facilities. Your technicians are constantly engaged in conversation in order to coordinate changes in the network and perform data transfers and back-ups over the network.

Solution
The Smart Omni-orderwire Station (SO/S) channel card allows your communication technicians to call up another facility or several facilities at the same time on a standard telephone. An analog mixer on the SO/S creates a party-line capability which allows several technicians to speak with one another at the same time.

How Does It Work?
Like conversation around a table the SO/S allows the whole group to communicate simultaneously.

Figure v19. Smart Omni-orderwire Station Application

What Actually Occurs?
The SO/S can receive information from both T1 ports on the D/I Mux III. It can be used in point-to-point applications or in a T1 backbone.

A point-to-point network consists of only two D/I Mux IIIs communicating to each other in channel bank mode.

A T1 backbone network is where a string of D/I Mux IIIs operate along the same T1; the D/I Mux IIIs at the terminal ends of the network are in channel bank mode and the

D/I Mux IIIs between the two terminal D/I Mux IIIs are in the drop and insert mode.

Sandra wishes to speak to another technician at the maintenance hut in the next town. She picks up her handset and dials the address for that hut. George hears the ring and picks up. During their discussion they decide that Sandra's discovery needs to be broadcast to all the technicians.

Sandra re-dials a special access code which rings all the huts. She makes her announcement and hangs up.

Sandra could have also selected a group of specific technicians and bridged them together for a conference call.

How Do You Set It Up?
The SO/S channels cards are mapped to only one direction when the D/I Mux III is in channel bank mode. For drop and insert mode the SO/S is mapped in both the T1-1 and T1-2 direction.

What Do You Order?
A SO/S is required at each site. The SO/S channel card has one circuit per card. You will require a D/I Mux III and a ringing generator at each site.